Frauenrecht ist Menschenrecht e. V.

The association Frauenrecht ist Menschenrecht e. V. (FIM, “Women’s Rights are Human Rights”) based in Frankfurt am Main is an intercultural counselling and information centre for migrant women and their relatives.¹ It emerged in 2001 from the association Ökumenische Asiengruppe e. V. (Ecumenical Asia Group), founded in 1987.

Activities

At the centre of its work are human rights violations and forms of disadvantage that affect women. In view of the specific situation in which migrant women find themselves through experiences of flight, asylum procedures and integration processes, the association takes an intercultural approach. The intersection between migration and violence is central to this.²

Counselling and information sessions take place in 19 languages: Amharic, Arabic, Bulgarian, Dari, German, English, French, Hindi, Pashto, Persian, Romanian, Russian, Spanish, Tagalog, Thai, Tigrinya, Hungarian, Uzbek and Urdu. Cooperation with interpreters makes counselling possible in further languages.³⁴ ⁵

History

On the occasion of the World Day of Prayer for Women, women from Thailand launched an appeal in 1980 to people in the industrialised countries drawing attention to sex tourism and the trafficking of women. Brigitte Gößling, at the time a member of the EKHN Synod, and other churchwomen thereupon founded the Ökumenische Thailandgruppe (Ecumenical Thailand Group) in Frankfurt am Main to support Thai migrant women who had come to Germany as prostitutes or marriage migrants.⁶

The group’s work, which until 1987 was carried out on a purely voluntary basis, consisted of culturally sensitive counselling and support for the women and of public education about the negative effects of sex tourism.⁷⁸ The focal points of this educational work were the trafficking of women and the precarious living conditions in which prostitutes and migrant women from South-East Asia find themselves in informal employment through illegality or exploitation.⁹ In 1987 the group received financial means through the World Day of Prayer and constituted itself as a registered non-profit association. Since the association’s work expanded to migrant women from the whole of South-East Asia, it was renamed Ökumenische Asiengruppe e. V. Alongside the Thai women, the association now also supported Filipina women who were living in precarious circumstances and in situations of violence. From the outset, one aim was cooperation with other groups working on similar issues. One of the first collaborations was with the Verband binationaler Familien und Partnerschaften/IAF e. V. (Association of Binational Families and Partnerships).

Since the association was founded in 1987, international political developments have brought shifts in its work: with the opening of the Iron Curtain and the migration to Western countries associated with it, migrant women from Central and Eastern Europe came to make up an ever larger share of the victims of human trafficking.¹⁰ Thus in 1995 the Ökumenische Asiengruppe founded, together with the Arbeitsgemeinschaft gegen internationale sexuelle und rassistische Ausbeutung (Agisra e. V.) (Working Group against International Sexual and Racist Exploitation), the project Jiskra, which offered support to women from Central and Eastern Europe.¹¹¹²¹³ After Agisra e. V. in Frankfurt am Main was dissolved in 2004, the counselling service was extended to women from Latin America and Africa.¹⁴¹⁵

From 1987 onwards the Ökumenische Asiengruppe also placed a stronger emphasis on political public relations and educational work. This changed orientation, as well as the continuous extension of the work to other geographical regions, was reflected in 2001 in the renaming of the association as Frauenrecht ist Menschenrecht e. V. (FIM).¹⁶ Today, according to its own account, FIM’s services are aimed at migrant women from all over the world.¹⁷

Association structure and funding

Since 2025 the premises of Frauenrecht ist Menschenrecht e. V. at Voltastraße 31, Frankfurt am Main
Foto: Karin Kraus

The association employs 20 full-time staff members whose main areas of work are social counselling for migrant women and their families, victim protection in cases of human trafficking and street work in the prostitution milieu. The honorary board of FIM consists of Gertrud Mehrens (chair), Brigitte Gößling (deputy chair), Gudrun Reinhart and Monika Kittler. Elvira Niesner has been managing director since 2001; Encarni Ramírez Vega is her deputy and heads the psychosocial counselling division.¹⁸

The association is financed mainly from public funds; the largest share is provided by the City of Frankfurt am Main and the State of Hesse. Since 2021 the association has been a counselling centre for FGM/C (Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting) funded by the State of Hesse.¹⁹ In addition, FIM is supported by foundations, associations, companies and the Evangelische Kirche in Hessen und Nassau (EKHN, Protestant Church in Hesse and Nassau). In 2018 the association had 1,116,000 euros at its disposal.²⁰ FIM has been a member of the Diakonisches Werk Hessen since 2003.²¹²²

The association’s self-image

Basic attitude and values

According to its own account, FIM is a feminist human rights institution with Christian roots. The association’s work is based substantially on Christian principles and Enlightenment convictions such as charity and the inviolability of human dignity. The association works at various levels to protect people from “venality, exploitation and degradation”.²³ Accordingly, FIM does not regard prostitution and sex work as a normal employment relationship, but as the result of patriarchal structures of domination in which the power imbalance between the sexes manifests itself. The association therefore takes a fundamentally critical and abolitionist position towards the prostitution industry. In a contribution to the 3sat programme Scobel, managing director Niesner emphasises that the human rights organisation cannot “see prostitution as a profession like any other”,²⁴ and just as little is it the case for FIM that “every woman in prostitution is a victim of violence and of human trafficking”.²⁵

In counselling sessions with prostitutes, the assessment of prostitution and sex work is not the primary concern; rather, the service is oriented towards the acute needs of the women.²⁶

With the aim of protecting people from degradation and exploitation, FIM works in the field of prostitution mainly on behalf of women in forced and poverty-driven prostitution, who according to the NGO Foundation of Women’s Forum (FWF) make up the overwhelming majority of prostitutes.²⁷

Proceeding from the same principles, other human rights violations such as genital mutilation/genital cutting (FGM/C) or honour-based violence, which also predominantly affect women, constitute further focal topics for FIM.²⁸²⁹³⁰³¹

Work in networks

The association sees itself as a networking organisation for and with other non-governmental organisations dealing with similar issues. Through wide-ranging cooperation, including by means of so-called round tables, the concerns of the women are brought into specialist circles and conveyed to political decision-makers, and they also feed into legislative processes, as for example in the case of the Istanbul Convention in 2011. Among other things, FIM is part of the round tables on combating human trafficking and on “violence in the name of honour” in Hesse,
coordinating bodies in which the police, the public prosecutor’s office, public authorities and specialist counselling centres such as FIM work together.³²³³³⁴ ³⁵

As a Hesse-wide networking and qualification body for street work in poverty-driven prostitution, FIM supports the development of quality standards in outreach social work.³⁶

The association is furthermore a member of the Deutsches Netzwerk zur Überwindung weiblicher Genitalverstümmelung (INTEGRA) (German Network to Overcome Female Genital Mutilation), of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft zum Schutz der Kinder vor sexueller Ausbeutung (ECPAT Deutschland e. V.) (Working Group for the Protection of Children against Sexual Exploitation) and of the network Hessen gegen Ehrgewalt (Hesse against Honour-Based Violence).³⁷Out of a broad Hessian network against honour-based violence, the Two-Region Model emerged in 2019, a close association of eleven Hessian aid and counselling organisations. Its purpose is to pool support services for those affected quickly and unbureaucratically and to develop prevention strategies.³⁸³⁹ FIM has taken on the lead responsibility for the Rhine-Main/Southern Hesse region.⁴⁰⁴¹

At Diakonie Hessen, FIM takes part in networking meetings for projects serving the “empowerment of refugee women”.⁴²

FIM furthermore organises Hesse-wide exchange meetings for specialists from public order and health offices on the Prostitutes Protection Act, as well as networking meetings for street workers in poverty-driven prostitution.⁴³

Cooperation with public authorities

FIM also sees itself as a mediating organisation between migrant women and social institutions such as the public order offices, other counselling centres or indeed the police and the judicial apparatus.⁴⁴⁴⁵ Investigating authorities frequently refer people to the association; FIM also works closely with the police within the framework of the witness protection programme in cases of human trafficking.⁴⁶⁴⁷

Areas of work

On-site work with prostitutes

A central component of the counselling and support of women is outreach social work in the Bahnhofsviertel district and on Theodor-Heuss-Allee in Frankfurt am Main. Street workers are deployed for Frauenrecht ist Menschenrecht e. V. who offer counselling in brothels and on the street prostitution beat.⁴⁸

From 2011 to 2013 the City of Frankfurt am Main provided FIM with funds for a night bus.⁴⁹ The bus served to make contact with prostitutes on the street beat by handing out food and condoms, and it offered an opportunity to provide information about health questions and about exit and counselling options. The counselling was carried out by women with Romanian and Bulgarian language skills.⁵⁰ The service was discontinued at the end of 2013 because, according to the city, the expected positive effects had not justified the costs of 110,000 euros a year.⁵¹⁵²

In counselling prostitutes, FIM cooperates not only with the City of Frankfurt am Main but also with the towns of Marburg and Gießen and with the district of Gießen: on the initiative of the municipal council, a counselling centre for prostitutes was created in Marburg in 2007, which is run by FIM. In addition to social counselling, health counselling takes place in cooperation with the women’s clinic and the public health office, with the aim of providing information about sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and encouraging women to be tested for diseases. FIM staff are also regularly present on site in brothels.⁵³⁵⁴⁵⁵

Since the nationwide Prostitutes Protection Act came into force in 2017, FIM has been active as a service organisation beyond its own region: in addition to Marburg and Gießen, the district of Gießen calls on FIM to conduct the obligatory information and advisory interviews.⁵⁶

Controversies around the work with prostitutes

The decision to discontinue the night bus service for prostitutes on the street beat has led to controversy. The association Doña Carmen, which campaigns for the recognition of prostitution as a profession, criticised on the one hand the city’s decision to discontinue the service and not to resume it, and on the other hand the role of FIM in the municipal cooperation, since Doña Carmen e. V. categorically rejects any collaboration with the police under the motto “rights instead of raids”.⁵⁷ Doña Carmen has been criticised for representing exclusively the minority interests of prostitutes working on a self-determined basis and thereby ignoring and trivialising the human rights violations that accompany prostitution in the majority of cases.⁵⁸⁵⁹ According to Elvira Niesner, the dominance of this position in public discourse means that the group of women in poverty-driven prostitution and the victims of human trafficking receive too little attention and that the discourse shifts in favour of ideological motives. In the estimation of Niesner and other experts, such as representatives of the State Criminal Police Office (LKA) and of counselling centres, the proportion of prostitutes working on a self-determined basis is at most 10 %.⁶⁰⁶¹

Intercultural counselling and educational work

FIM offers free, multilingual counselling for migrant women and their families on a wide range of topics: alongside those affected by domestic, sexual or “honour-based” violence, the association also supports women who have become victims of female genital mutilation/genital cutting (FGM/C) or who are in danger of being mutilated.⁶²⁶³

In counselling work with women potentially affected by genital mutilation/genital cutting (FGM/C), FIM attaches great importance to a “culturally sensitive” approach. This means bringing an understanding of the socio-cultural backgrounds of traditions and providing information about them. FIM sees in this an opportunity to combat gender-specific human rights violations by breaking taboos.⁶⁴ FIM counsellors appear throughout Germany as experts on the subject of FGM at specialist conferences, working groups and organisations.⁶⁵⁶⁶ The association also offers further training for specialist staff from refugee accommodation facilities, pregnancy and family counselling centres and youth welfare offices.

Since 2021 the Frankfurt counselling centre has cooperated with the Luisenhospital in Aachen, where Dan mon O’Dey, a specialist in plastic and aesthetic surgery, has developed specific surgical methods for reconstructing the female genitalia after FGM/C. Since 2021 O’Dey has operated on 40 women whom FIM had counselled and accompanied to Aachen (as of September 2023). In addition, on the association’s initiative, reconstructive care is being established in Hesse in cooperation with a Wiesbaden hospital, the physician Stefanie Adili and O’Dey.⁶⁷ ⁶⁸

FIM furthermore provides advice on questions of residence law, asylum, education and integration, as well as on partnership, marriage and family in general. Depending on the situation, the women and their families are referred to support services tailored to their needs.⁶⁹⁷⁰ On request, training courses are also offered for volunteers and specialist staff on intercultural counselling, gender-specific violence and exploitation in connection with flight and displacement.⁷¹

With the aim of achieving social integration and participation for migrant women and counteracting their disadvantage, FIM provides educational services for various target groups.⁷²⁷³ The association offers migrant women and refugees German courses and educational modules on various topics. In doing so, the conditions are created for the women to move confidently within the culture of the country of arrival.⁷⁴

Victim protection in cases of human trafficking and forced prostitution

Since 1999 the association has been the official coordinating and networking body for victim protection work in cases of human trafficking in Hesse. In this capacity FIM issues an annual invitation to a specialist exchange between the Hessian investigating authorities and specialist counselling centres.⁷⁵ FIM managing director Niesner appears in various contexts as an expert on questions of forced prostitution and human trafficking, for example at a hearing of the Human Rights Committee in the Bundestag in 2014.⁷⁶⁷⁷ FIM is also a member of the nationwide Koordinierungskreis gegen Menschenhandel (KOK e. V.) (Coordination Group against Human Trafficking).⁷⁸

In 2006 the association carried out a nationwide campaign against forced prostitution in collaboration with a broad network, as it was feared that forced prostitution might increase considerably in connection with the football World Cup in Germany.⁷⁹⁸⁰⁸¹ Using flyers, posters and television spots, the campaign addressed potential clients directly in order to raise their awareness of the issue, and called on them to contact an anonymous hotline in suspected cases.⁸²⁸³⁸⁴

Findings from this campaign have since been widely taken up: among others, the Swiss Federal Office of Police derived from this and other campaigns recommendations for measures against forced prostitution and human trafficking for the 2008 European Football Championship in Austria and Switzerland.⁸⁵

Awards

In 1999 the Ökumenische Asiengruppe received the Senfkornpreis of the Caritas association of the City of Frankfurt am Main for its voluntary commitment. ⁸⁶⁸⁷
In 2007 the association was presented with the Julius-Rumpf-Preis by the Martin-Niemöller-Stiftung.
In 2014 the City of Frankfurt am Main awarded the association the Frankfurter Integrationspreis (Frankfurt Integration Prize). Since 2002 the prize has been awarded to associations, initiatives and projects “which in everyday life have rendered outstanding services to the integration and equal rights of foreign citizens and which stand up for a mutual recognition of cultures”.⁸⁸
In 2018 the association was honoured by the European Commission as one of the ten most important organisations in Germany representing the interests of victims of crime and of human trafficking.⁸⁹

External links

Website of the association Frauenrecht ist Menschenrecht e. V.

Machine translation: This article was translated automatically from the German original.

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